Vidhan Sabha
The
Legislative Assembly : (Vidhan Sabha)
The Lower
House consists of elected members; most are directly elected on the basis
of adult franchise and one member by the Governor under Article 333
of the Constitution to give representation to the Anglo-Indian
community in the state, if the Governor considers such
representation necessary.
The normal life of the Vidhan Sabha is five years. It can, however, be dissolved earlier, and in an emergency, its term can also be extended by a maximum period of one year. (Vide Article 172 of the Constitution).
The two houses, though constituted on different principles, are nevertheless co-ordinate chambers. The Vidhan Sabha, as the directly elected house, enjoys exclusive powers in financial matters. Financial bills can originate only in the Vidhan Sabha, which has a prevailing voice in the case of money bills.
Under the Cabinet system of government adopted by this country, the Executive (the Government) is fully responsible and accountable to the Legislature and can hold office only so long as it can command the support of the Lower House, the Vidhan Sabha. Apart from approving the bills and sanctioning the budget, the Legislature exercises supervision over the work of the Executive by keeping a close watch on its functioning in two ways. One is through legislative devices, such as questions, calling-attention notices, resolutions, short duration discussions, adjournment motions, no-confidence motions, cut-motions on the demands for grants, amendments to the Governor's address, etc. The other is through the committees of the Legislature entrusted with the task of scrutinizing specific fields of governmental activities. These committees have powers to send for any persons, papers or records and can also examine witnesses and make reports and recommendations.
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